Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences: Research Areas

Article Title: Development Of New Antibiotics Using Metal Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Composite
by Ibrahim Muhammad, Abubakar Isah, and Jamilu Usman

Abstract:
Bacteria naturally develop resistance to antibiotics used in disease prevention and also transfer from one host to another. Despite the tremendous efforts done by many pharmaceutical industries during the past decades in producing various forms of antibiotics, there is still an increased in resistance to these drugs by the microorganisms which leads to an increase in healthcare costs and mortality rate. Here in, we focus on the synthesis and doping of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with metals to the corresponding metal doped graphitic carbon nitride (M-g-C3N4) and also on the application of the as-synthesized composite as an antibacterial agent. The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized from melamine via condensation and then converted to metal doped graphitic carbon nitride (M-g-C3N4) by treatment with different metal precursors (CoCl2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O, FeCl2.XH2O and ZnCl2) to obtained Co- g-C3N4, Cu-g-C3N4, Fe-g-C3N4, and Zn-g-C3N4 respectively. The resultant material was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. The antibacterial assay of the composite was assessed against the standard laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve), Salmonella typhi (gram �ve), Escherichia Coli (Gram �ve) and Streptococcus pyogenes (gram +ve) using well diffusion method. The as-synthesized composite show a good antibacterial activity against the test organisms with zone of inhibition ranging between 2-19mm, 2-21mm, 2-21mm and 2-20mm of Co-g-C3N4, Cu-g-C3N4, Fe-g-C3N4, and Zn-g-C3N4 respectively. These indicate that the as-synthesized composites have good potentials of developing new antibiotics which will help in reducing healthcare costs and morality rate due to resistance of bacteria to already manufactured drugs. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Development Of New Antibiotics Using Metal Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Composite Ibrahim Muhammad1 Abubakar Isah1 and Jamilu Usman2 1Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, Along Birnin Kebbi Road, Sokoto, P.M.B. 2134, Nigeria. 2Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding Author: Ibrahim Muhammad _________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Bacteria naturally develop resistance to antibiotics used in disease prevention and also transfer from one host to another. Despite the tremendous efforts done by many pharmaceutical industries during the past decades in producing various forms of antibiotics, there is still an increased in resistance to these drugs by the microorganisms which leads to an increase in healthcare costs and mortality rate. Here in, we focus on the synthesis and doping of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with metals to the corresponding metal doped graphitic carbon nitride (M-g-C3N4) and also on the application of the as-synthesized composite as an antibacterial agent. The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized from melamine via condensation and then converted to metal doped graphitic carbon nitride (M-g-C3N4) by treatment with different metal precursors (CoCl2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O, FeCl2.XH2O and ZnCl2) to obtained Co- g-C3N4, Cu-g-C3N4, Fe-g-C3N4, and Zn-g-C3N4 respectively. The resultant material was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. The antibacterial assay of the composite was assessed against the standard laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve), Salmonella typhi (gram �ve), Escherichia Coli (Gram �ve) and Streptococcus pyogenes (gram +ve) using well diffusion method. The as-synthesized composite show a good antibacterial activity against the test organisms with zone of inhibition ranging between 2-19mm, 2-21mm, 2-21mm and 2-20mm of Co-g-C3N4, Cu-g-C3N4, Fe-g-C3N4, and Zn-g-C3N4 respectively. These indicate that the as-synthesized composites have good potentials of developing new antibiotics which will help in reducing healthcare costs and morality rate due to resistance of bacteria to already manufactured drugs.

Keywords: Metal doped, Graphitic Carbon Nitride, Antibiotics, Resistance, Composite

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