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Article Title:
Commercializing The Value Chain For Biochar And Insect-Composted Organic Fertilizer (ICOF) In Kenya: An Empirical Literature Review
by Joab Ooko, PhD

Abstract:
This review article examines the commercialization of Biochar and Insect Composted Organic Fertilizer (ICOF) within the Kenyan context, emphasizing their economic viability and potential for profitability. Both Biochar and ICOF present considerable environmental and agricultural benefits, such as enhanced soil fertility, reduction of waste, and carbon sequestration. Nevertheless, several challenges impede their broader adoption, including increased production costs, inadequate infrastructure, restrictive policies, and market uncertainties. The review consolidates existing literature on the economic feasibility of Biochar and ICOF, analysing the roles of key stakeholders in the value chain, such as farmers, producers, distributors, and retailers. It identifies growth opportunities through government initiatives supporting green technologies, rising demand for sustainable agricultural practices, and synergies with agroforestry. Although financial assessments suggest potential profitability, the successful commercialization of Biochar and ICOF necessitates investments in research, infrastructure development, quality control standards, regulatory frameworks, market accessibility, and the establishment of supportive policies. Research on Biochar and ICOF production in Kenya is inadequate in key areas, including infrastructure, market access, economic viability, profitability and distribution in rural regions. Cost analyses specific to Kenya and localized financial studies are also inadequate.

Keywords: Biochar, Insect-Composted Organic Fertilizer, Value Chain

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