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Article Title: Weaponizing Food Aid: The Role Of International Humanitarian Assistance In Perpetuating Conflicts In Africa
by Stella Ifeoma Orji PhD and Alita Emmanuel Chinagorom PhD

Abstract:
This paper examines the paradox of humanitarian food aid in conflict zones, particularly in Africa, where aid intended to alleviate suffering is often weaponized by state and non-state actors to further political and military agendas. The central problem addressed is the manipulation of food aid, which, rather than remaining apolitical, becomes entangled in the broader political economies of violence. The study explores how international food aid is appropriated by both governmental and insurgent groups in African conflicts and assesses the implications of this phenomenon on peacebuilding, governance, and sustainable development. Using a comparative qualitative method, case studies from South Sudan, Northeast Nigeria, and Ethiopia are analysed, drawing on humanitarian reports and policy documents. Conflict theory, particularly the theory of war economies, is applied to understand how control over food supplies becomes a strategic asset in conflict. Findings reveal that food aid in South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Nigeria is systematically weaponized to control civilian populations, disrupt peace processes, and prolong violence. The manipulation of aid undermines the neutrality of humanitarian efforts, deepening distrust and hindering post-conflict recovery. The paper concludes that the weaponization of food aid significantly impedes peacebuilding and governance, urging reforms in humanitarian practices. Recommendations include adopting conflict-sensitive aid strategies, increasing transparency and oversight in aid distribution, and integrating local actors into peacebuilding efforts to enhance legitimacy and foster long-term recovery.

Keywords: Weaponization of Food Aid, Conflict Zones, Humanitarian Assistance, Peacebuilding

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