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Article Title: English Language Teachers' Challenges to Improvisation and Utilization of Improvised Teaching Materials in Anambra State Secondary Schools
by Umezinwa Rose Nwakaego Ph.D and Ngozi Obi Martina

Abstract:
This study investigated English Language teachers� challenges to improvisation and utilization of improvised teaching materials in Anambra State secondary schools. The objectives of the study were to investigate the attitude of English language teachers� attitude towards improvisation and utilization of improvised materials as well as challenges to improvisation faced by the teachers in Anambra state secondary schools. The area of study was the six education zones of Anambra State. The study was guided by two research questions and two research hypotheses. The design of the study was descriptive survey. The population consisted of all the 250 secondary school English Language teachers in the six education zones in Anambra State. The sample for the study comprised of one hundred and twenty-six (126) teachers made up of seventy-nine (79) female and forty-seven (47) male. To select this number, the researcher adopted the simple random sampling techniques using hat and draw method. A structured questionnaire with four point scale was used for data collection. Research questions were answered using means and standard deviations while research hypotheses were tested using t-test statistic. The findings show that: (1) There was no significant difference in challenges to improvisation of teaching materials as experienced by male and female English language teachers (2) There was a significant difference in the challenges to utilization of improvised teaching materials between male and female English language teachers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended among others that federal and state governments should arrange training and workshops for English language teachers on improvisation and utilization of improvised teaching materials. Professional Association such as English Language Association of Nigeria (ELAN) and other agents who are concerned about the learning of English language should arrange for workshops during their annual conferences on the improvisation of teaching materials for English language teachers, etc. For the significance purposes, the findings of the study could be of immense practical benefit to various segments of the society like students, teachers, ministries of education, school administrations, Curriculum planners, English Language Teachers� Association and researchers. From the findings of the study, it is implied that English language teachers ought to improvise teaching materials for effective teaching of English language. This is because use of improvisation and improvised teaching materials would enhance students� achievement and interest in English language. The findings also show that there are challenges to improvisation and utilization of improvised materials in the teaching of English language. Schools should therefore be provided with enabling environment for improvisation and utilization of improvised teaching materials.

Keywords: improvisation, utilization, improvised teaching materials, challenges and attitude

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